July 1, 1995 Irish and Scottish Newsletter NAMES OF THE MONTH This month the Irish surname taken from EDWARD MacLYSAGHT's book IRISH FAMILIES Their Names, Arms & Origins, SciPrint Limited, Copyright Irish Academic Press Limited, ISBN # 0-7165-2364-7 is: MacAULIFFE -The name MacAuliffe is almost peculiar to Co. Cork and is scarcely found outside Munster. The MacAuliffes are a branch of the MacCarthys and their chief resided at Castle MacAuliffe near Newmarket, Co. Cork. Their territory in that part of the country is described in a grant of land to a stranger in 1612 as "Clan Auliffe". It should be noted however that the term Clan Auliffe normally refers to a branch of the O'Farrells of Co. Longford and has no connexion with the sept of MacAuliffe. The last recognized Chief of the name, Michael MacAuliffe, was according to Dalton a colonel in the Spanish army and died in Spain in 1720; O'Donovan however ascribes that position to a minor official at Kenmare in 1840. In Irish the name is Mac Amhlaoibh, i.e., son of Auliffe (anglice Humphrey). The same Gaelic name is also anglicized MacAuley, which is an entirely different sept (q.v.). The famous French physician Joseph Oliffe (1808 -1869) was actually born in Cork, his ancestral name being MacAuliffe. The Scottish surname taken from The Scottish Clans and their Tartans, Chartwell Books, Inc. copyright Wordsworth Editions, Ltd. 1992 ISBN # 1-55521-797-4 is: Bruce Badge: Rosemary Motto: Fuimus (We have been) "Sir Adam de Brus (named after the town of Brix in Normandy) accompanied William the Conqueror to England. The connection with Scotland was established when his son Robert became companion in arms to Prince David, later David I. He received the Lordship of Annandale. The 7th Lord of Annandale became the famous Robert the Bruce, victor of Bannockburn. Bruce lands were enlarged by acquisitions in Clackmannshire and Elgin. The Earls of Elgin are descended from the Bruce of Clackmannan." QUESTION AND ANSWER TIME Q. - Scottish question. In family bible it says that my ggf was born in Faskin, Lanark, Scotland. So I got a map and looked. There is a small place "Faskine", looks like an estate or farm. Is it likely"? A. - According to "A Genealogical Gazetteer of Scotland" by Frank Smith, F.S.G. and published by Everton Publishers, Inc. 1971 - and I quote "FASKINE Village is in the parish of Old Monkland, Lanark 1 1/2 miles south of Airdrie, pop. 408 Q. - Was there any kind of migration that took place to US in the 1770's? A. - Irish records are difficult because there are few that actually cover the whole of the island. There are many which cover smaller geographical areas. The hitch in the deal is that once you get to Ireland, you MUST know a place name. You can fake it by searching every record there is, but that's about the only alternative. It makes it that much more important that you search every record ever created on your emigrant ancestor in the US. HELPFUL INFORMATION: Subj: Re:Irish Ship List database Depending on the years you are looking for, there is a multi volume book available in public libraries that have genealogical section that lists all passengers coming to the United States on Irish ships. I cannot remember the name of the book, but it shouldn't be hard to find. Look under Passenger ships in the library catalog. I found my GG grandparents this way. If you have any questions or cannot find the book, please e-mail (LLinaugh) and I will dig up the name. llinaugh Subj: Irish Ship List database The Irish Ship List database disk contains: I. The database itself, which is a compilation of extractions from passenger lists found in sources presently open to the public in LDS FHC's, the National Archives, and other genealogical libraries. It contains almost 6000 names of Irish who sailed to Canadian and American ports from 1766 to 1894, along with dates, ships' names, ports of embarkation and arrival and any other information contained in the original records. An IBM device for fast and easy search is included. This is necessarily only a partial listing of the hundreds of thousands of Irish who emigrated in the 18th and 19th centuries. The database is intended merely as a guide or tool for searching by computer, as opposed to scanning paper copies with the naked eye. It is not offered as a primary documentation, but as another clue to your ancestors' migration. II. In addition to the database, other valuable and hard-to-find information is included on the disk: a guide to vital records available in Ireland, and how to obtain them; a treatise on Irish research with valuable tips and resources here and in Ireland, and a file explaining use of the National Archives to further your search for passenger arrival records, many of which give surprising details such as village of birth, destination at arrival, etc. ---- even the amount of money they carried! PLEASE NOTE: The Irish Ship List database disk is available ONLY in IBM format, and ONLY in 3.5-inch size. MAC USERS: I am told that Mac users can read the disk if they have the "Apple File Exchange", or equivalent, using their word processors to search the database. Here are a few miscellaneous statements, some only indirectly related to genealogy: In 1846, the ship fare from Ireland to Quebec was about œ6 for a man, his wife, and 4 children. The fare to NY was about œ21. (source: Magnus Magnusson, 1978. Landlord or Tenant?: A View of Irish History) There are several bookstores in the US specializing in Ireland. There are probably others but I know of these 2 and have written them for their current listings. Irish Books and Media 1433 Franklin Ave East Minneapolis, MN 5404-2135 telephone: 612-871-3505 Irish Books and Graphics 580 Broadway, Room 1103 New York, NY 1001 2 telephone: 212-274-1923 'Irish Roots' magazine is oriented toward the amateur genealogist of Irish heritage. It is published by Belgrave Publications, Belgrave Ave, Cork, Ireland. The US agent is Irish Books and Media (see above). You can subscribe by contacting either the agent or the publisher. Griffith's valuation Be advised that the house number indicated by Griffith's valuation is not necessarily the street address. I base this statement on the following experience. When I was in Sligo this past summer (1993), 1 was looking for my great great grandfather's house armed with a copy of a page from Griffith's valuation. Fortunately, I had asked about it in the genealogical office and was told that the house number assigned by Griffith's was not the same as the street address. One of the genealogists had a street map with the Griffith's numbers on it. Since the street had changed very little in 100 years I had no problem identifying the house. Until that wonderful day dawns when all our genealogical resources are available in electronic form, E-Gen-Rec Monthly subscribers may purchase microfiche for 1/2 price. (Subscription rate: $5 annually) Send orders to: Andrew J. Morris P.O. Box 535 Farmington MI 48332 LOUGH CORRIB, ITS SHORES AND ISLANDS, WITH NOTICES OF LOUGH MASK. By Sir William R. Wilde. 306 pages, originally published at Dublin, Ireland, in 1867. Reproduced on two microfiche 1987. E- Gen-Rec Monthly subscribers price. This scarce and entertaining local history book describes the history, folklore, antiquities and topography of the Galway -- Mayo border area in the west of Ireland. The individuals named in this work were primarily the wealthy estate owners in the area, but this work will be of interest to anyone with ancestors from the region, indeed from anywhere in Ireland, for the historical perspective it imparts. TOMBSTONE RUBBING HINTS There appears to be two successful ways to read old tombstone inscriptions. These are so successful that there are reports of reading inscriptions that have defied older methods. The first method is very simple: use shaving cream! First, wet the stone. Then cover a section of the stone with the moist cream and then scrape the excess cream of with a piece of styrofoam. The cream goes into the inscription making it readable. The cream must be moist to work. Neither the styrofoam nor the cream will damage the stone. This works very well when making photographs of a tombstone. Try to photograph in the early morning or late afternoon when the sun's rays are at an angle. The second method involves making rubbings. The following is extracted from a message on CompuServe's Genealogy Forum posted by Eleanor Lyon Duke 74375,645 (thanks Eleanor): The Oldstone Enterprises of Boston, Mass. (address was 77 Summer Street, 01110) sells a kit with directions for making rubbings of grave stones. Their materials may also be purchased from the Hearthstone Bookshop, 8405-H Richmond Highway, Alexandria, Va. 22309. The paper you want to use is sometimes referred to as "synthetic rice paper" or "print makers paper". Anything that does not tear easily will probably do. You may also use the nonwoven interfacing or pattern materials that are sold at dress fabric stores, such as PELLON (non-fusible variety). Oldstone sells a crayon that is about the size and shape of a bar of hand soap. Carpenter's crayon or Lumberman's crayon may also be used, or I suspect a crayon from the thick box of crayolas would do. You also need masking tape to hold the paper to the grave stone and an old-fashioned fiber scrub brush to clean the stone. Don't use anything that has very stiff bristles. And something to sit on, especially if there are chiggers around, or a small stool if knees are stiff. There is a man at Winthrop College at Rock Hill, SC who is doing this as an art form. He uses several colors on one rubbing and they are really nice. If you find the right kind of paper, no spray or protective materials need be used. The rubbings can be stapled to a couple of dowels and make nice wall hangings. DEFINITIONS OF TERMS FOUND DURING IRISH RESEARCH Administrative Divisions Tracing your Irish ancestry requires a little understanding of the administrative divisions that exist in Ireland. The main divisions that are encountered during genealogical research in Ireland are listed below. It is also useful to have some knowledge of the history of Irish records. The island of Ireland consists of four provinces: *Connaught *Leinster *Munster *Ulster The four provinces of Ireland owe their origin to the pre-eminence of the families O'Neill (Ulster), O'Connor (Connaught), O'Brien (Munster), and MacMurrough (Leinster). It was these families that strived for the High Kingship of all Ireland in the centuries before the Norman invasion of the twelfth century. The Irish families reflected in the county divisions owed allegiance to these provincial kings. Administrative Divisions The main administrative divisions that exist in Ireland are: *County *Barony *Civil Parish *Townland *Poor Law Union *Dispensary District *Superintendent Registrar's District *Registrar's District *Diocese *Parish County The county is the principal unit of local Government. There are twenty-six counties in the Republic of Ireland and six counties in Northern Ireland. Most document collections are organized on a county basis. This division reflects the imposition of the English system of local government in Ireland. Begun in the twelfth century, the thirty-two county framework was completed with the creation of Wicklow in 1606. County boundaries usually reflect the lordships of major Gaelic families. Northern Ireland was established in 1921 and the Irish Free State in 1922. Records concerning the six counties, which were previously held in Dublin, were moved to the North - so a researcher may have to follow such records. Some anomalies exist such as the fact that the Census Records covering the six counties for 1901 and 1911 are still covered by the 100 year rule North of the border but these census records including the six counties are freely available in the South! Barony There are 331 baronies in Ireland. A Barony is an important county subdivision. It is thought to be a Norman division although it's precise origin is unknown, they tended to reflect the holdings of Irish Clans. There are generally between seven and ten baronies per county although Cork has twenty and Louth has only four. Baronies became established in the government land surveys of the seventeenth century and are now considered obsolete. A barony can occupy parts of two counties in which case it is referred to as a half barony. Civil Parish There are 2508 Civil Parishes in Ireland. From the seventeenth century the so-called civil parish, based on the early Christian and medieval monastic and church settlements, was used extensively in various surveys. By the mid-nineteenth century the pattern of civil parishes was well established. By 1841 the population of Ireland had risen to 8,175,124 and this was reflected in changing parish boundaries. New parishes were created by either subdividing larger ones or by withdrawing townlands from adjoining parishes. For example, in 1765 Montiaghs Parish in County Armagh was separated from Seagoe Parish, while in County Londonderry Carrick Parish was created in 1846 by withdrawing eleven townlands from the adjoining parishes - three from Balteagh, three from Bovevagh and five from Tamlaght Finlagan. The civil parish essentially covered the same area as the established Church Or Ireland. The Roman Catholic Church, owing to the Reformation of the sixteenth century, had to adapt itself to a new structure centered on towns, and villages. Civil Parishes frequently break both barony and county boundaries, indicating they were drawn up at an earlier period. Townland There are 60,462 Townlands in Ireland. It is the smallest administrative division and on average covers about 350 acres. Many Townlands share the same name - for example there are 56 Kilmores and 47 Dromores. A full list is available in the Valuation Office. The townland is essential to researchers who wish to pinpoint the precise origin of their ancestors. The townland was named at an early period, and it usually referred to a very identifiable landmark in the local area such as a mountain, a bog, an oak forest, a village, a fort or a church. The townland became standardized as a basic division in the seventeenth-century surveys by people with little knowledge of the Irish language. As a consequence many place names were either lost or had their meaning or construction altered. A record of townland names, shapes and sizes for all Ireland exists in the Maps of Ordnance Survey completed in 1846. Poor Law Union The Poor Law Act of 1838 introduced another administrative division - the Poor Law Union. Initially there were 130 and eventually 163 poor law unions. Between 1838 and 1852, 163 workhouses were built throughout the country, each at the centre of an area known as a Poor Law Union. The workhouses were normally situated in a large market town, and the Poor Law Union comprised the town and its catchment area, with the result that the Unions in many cases ignored the existing boundaries of parish and county. The workhouse in the town provided relief for the unemployed and destitute, generally under very harsh conditions. Records were kept of the inmates and these can provide useful research material. The Local Government (Ireland) Act, 1898, adopted the poor law union as the basic administrative division in place of the civil parish and barony. The poor law unions of Ireland were subdivided into 829 registration districts and 3,751 district electoral divisions, with parishes and baronies being retained only as a means to make comparisons with records gathered before 1898. Dispensary District Poor Law unions were subdivided into dispensary districts following the 1851 Medical Charities Act. Superintendent Registrar's District Poor Law Unions became known as Superintendent Registrar's districts in order to record births, marriages and deaths as a result of the 1863 Acts for the Registration of Births, Deaths and Marriages. Registrar's District Dispensary Districts became known as Registrar's districts in order to record births, marriages and deaths as a result of the 1863 Acts for the Registration of Births, Deaths and Marriages. Diocese Three ecclesiastical synods - Cashel in 1101, Rathbreasail in 1111 and Kells in 1152 - imposed a diocesan organization of four provinces: Armagh, Cashel, Dublin, and Tuam, each headed by and archbishop and under them twenty-two bishops in charge of as many dioceses. These diocesan boundaries have remained virtually constant to the present day and are in use by both the Catholic and Anglican Churches. The number of dioceses has, however, varied with consolidation through time by both the Catholic and Anglican Churches. Dioceses have little or no relation to the boundaries of the counties, the latter having been created long after the dioceses. Until 1834 the dioceses of the Church of Ireland were grouped into four provinces. The number of provinces was then reduced to two, Armagh and Dublin. Parish A diocese is subdivided into parishes. Parishes are usually composed of the aforementioned civil parishes. However modern Catholic parishes do not follow this general rule. PROBATE DISTRICTS - In 1858 a principal registry and eleven district registries were established for the purpose of proving wills and granting administrations. MEMBER CONTRIBUTIONS: BORN AT SEA? If you have an ancestor born at sea aboard a British vessel from 1656 to the present, a source of information is: St. Dunstan's Parish, London, England. If at least one parent was Irish, and the birth was between 1864 and 1920, records may be obtained from the Registrar General, Custom House, Dublin, Ireland. --via Geneagram, the Central Florida Genealogical Society Newsletter, Treasure Chest News. Ed note: If the birth is recorded through the Registrar General, these birth records are listed in the indexes of the Registrar General and available through the LDS Library. See the Irish Locality Catalogue (fiche version) under the subject: Civil Registration. and DELAYED BIRTH CERTIFICATES Delayed birth certificates are certificates that are filed many years after the birth by people who don't have original birth certificates on file. They are issued after affidavits are sworn by relatives or doctors who were present at the birth, or upon proof of birth from a baptismal certificate of family Bible records. In the US, Social Security cards were issued to all citizens in 1940. To obtain a Social Security card, citizens had to provide a birth certificate. Those who didn't have one on file had to go to their county clerk's office to have one registered. There, check the 1940 birth indexes, for those lost US births you have been unable to find. People born as early as 1858 had to register their births in 1940. With thanks to the Marin County (CA) Genealogical Society, The Marin Kin Tracer via Treasure Chest News from the Central Florida Genealogical Society (PO Box 177, Orlando, FL 32802). **Rate Books** Rates were local taxes collected for an Electoral District, which is made up of a group of townlands. The rates the Electoral District collected were given to the Union to pay for roads, the workhouse, etc. It differs from Griffiths because each rate book covered more than one year so, there would be writing in another color to show the newest entry for that plot of land. I know there are rate books for the electoral districts in Tyrone, and I would imagine, the same would be found in the republic. The date for rate Books are after Griffiths and maybe a bit before. SO, find the townland, look in the Townland Index, get the Electoral District and then try and get the rate book for that Electoral District (E.D)