December 1, 1995                        Irish and Scottish Newsletter 


QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:

Q. Can you say a little about Estate Records?  Do they include renter roles ever.

A. - The estate records I've worked with are excellent and date back to early 1500's.  If you look
in Hayes' Mss. Sources, there is a section about Estate Records.  The trouble is, there has been
no systematic acquisition of them, so they're pretty scattered and not at all consistent in what they
contain.  Those I've looked at are literally a catalogue of the contents of the collection and most
of the listings give at least 3 generations of a family.  They may be unique, though.


Q. - If my ancestors are not listed in Filby's index (of passenger lists) would it be at all worthwhile
to look in the Archives?

A. - The following is _my_ personal opinion, only.  So far as I've ever been able to tell, spending 
any kind of time at all in looking for Passenger Lists is a waste of time, particularly for Irish
research.  As a rule, if a port of departure is listed, it's just that - not a place of residence so if
what you're trying to find in the Pass. Lists is a place of residence, it's not likely you're going to
find it.  I would far prefer to spend my time looking at obits, wills, cemetery records, county
histories, etc. because they are far more likely to give you that kind of information.

Q. - Can someone tell me what Slater's Directory is?

A. - Years ago (before telephone books) the way people found one another was through the use
of Directories.  They were similar to todays phone directories (without phone numbers of course)
They usually listed the head of the household, perhaps a rural address.


Q. - Can anyone suggest how to best preserve what's left of newpaper articles about my family
that are approx. 100 years old.  Another member of my family has loaned them to me for copying
and we don't know what to do with them at this point as they are crumbling.

A. - If your newspaper is crumbling then it was printed on pulp paper (very  high in acid content)
versus rag paper. The acid in the newspaper is  actually slowly dissolving the fibers in the paper.
The best solution is  to photocopy or scan the article and either put the paper between sheets 
of mylar plastic or throw the paper away. If the newspaper is left in  contact with other documents
the acid will leach into and begin to  dissolve the other document. The cost to de-acidify the
paper would  not  worth the time and cost.

If the newspaper has been microfilmed, you may wish to contact the public  library in the city
where the paper was published, and request a  photocopy of the article about your family; the
quality would be better  than photocopying the crumbling newsprint.

Hope this helps you,


NAMES OF THE MONTH

This month the Irish surname taken from EDWARD MacLYSAGHT's book IRISH FAMILIES Their
Names, Arms & Origins, SciPrint Limited, Copyright Irish Academic Press Limited, ISBN #
0-7165-2364-7 is:

BLAKE, Caddell, (Blowick)          The Blakes are one of the "Tribes of Galway".  They descend
from Richard Caddell, also called Blake, who was Sheriff of Connacht in 1303.  It was not until
the seventeenth century that the name Blake finally supplanted Caddell. for three hundred years
they appear in the records of the city as "Caddell alias Blake" or "Blake alias Caddell", Blake
being originally an epithet - le blac, i.e. black.  The name, of course, is also well-known in
England: for a note on the poet William Blake, see O'Neill (p. 242).  Apart from their activities in
the city government and in the ecclesiastical wardenship of Galway, the most distinguished
member of this family was Sir Richard Blake who was chairman or speaker of the Assembly of
Confederate Catholics at Kilkenny in 1647, Francis Blake, being also on the Supreme Council. 
William Rufus Blake (1805-1863), the popular American actor, was of Galway parentage.  The
man who killed Red Hugh O'Donnell by poison is said to have been one James Blake.  William
Hume Blake (1809-1870), an emigrant from Ireland, became the head of the Canadian judiciary
and his son, Edward Blake (1833-1912), was a leading statesman in Canada.  Martin Joseph
Blake (1853-1931), should also be mentioned on account of his extensive genealogical
researches, partly published in Blake Family Records.

The Blakes were among the most extensive landowners in Connacht in the sixteenth century and
this was equally true in the nineteenth: their principal estates were at Ardfry, Balglunin, Kiltullagh,
Menlo and Renvyle, all in Co. Galway. A branch of the Galway Blakes settled in Co. Kildare
where they gave their name to Blakestown in that county.

It should be added that there are some scattered families of Blake in the west of Ireland who are
of Gaelic origin, for O Blathmhaic, anglice Blowick, is known to have become in certain places in
Co. Mayo, being an example of the unfortunate tendency of rare Irish surnames to become
merged in common ones of a somewhat similar sound.


From Roddy Martine's "SCOTTISH CLAN AND FAMILY NAMES Their Arms, Origins and
Tartens", Mainstream Publishing, Edinburgh and London, 1992, ISBN # 1-85158-418-8

BROUN - A family of this name were owners of estates in Cumberland shortly after the Norman
Conquest 1066.  The name, being derivation of Brown, is very common throughout Scotland.

The Brouns of Colstoun in East Lothian claim descent from the ancient Royal house of France. 
They also claim descent from George Broun, who in 1543 married Jean hay, daughter of the 3rd.
Lord Yester, ancestor of the Marquesses of Tweeddale.  The dowry of the lady consisted of the
celebrated "Coulston Pear", which her remote ancestor Hugo de Gifford of Yester, a famous
magician, was supposed to have invested with the extraordinary virtue of securing unfailing
prosperity for the family who might possess it.

Members of a younger branch of the Coulston family established themselves as merchants in
Elsinore (Helsingor) in Denmark.  Broun of Hartrie, near Biggar, is believed to have settled there
in the fourteenth century.


GENERAL INFORMATION

SCOTLAND: TARTAN AND DRESS

The more usual garment associated with the patterned woollen cloth (known as tartan) is the kilt
In its simple form,  this was widely worn by Highland Scots in centuries past.  It is worth noting
that the kilt was not worn by the Lowland Scots, who formed the majority of the population of the
country. 

The highland dress which we know today,  was much adapted and modernised during Victorian
times.  This was undertaken to fit a taste for all things Scottish promoted by Queen Victoria and
her husband, Prince Albert.

Thus, while the basic garment is traditional,  the style and much of the other  regalia (including
jackets, sporran, kilt hose and garters, skean dhu, etc.), and certainly the range and formality of
tartans which we see today were an invention of the Victorian gentry.

However, their remains an association of the tartans with the clans (or family-based groupings) of
Scotland.  Most Scottish surnames have an associated tartan,  and some have several, which
may be classified as:

Modern Colours
Ancient, Subdued or Hunting Colours
Dress Colours

Note that while women can and do wear tartan, however, they do not wear the kilt. The kilt is a
male garment,  and is distinguished from the female pleated skirt by the length of cloth used in its
construction (7 or 8 yards), the large number of pleats and its weight.  The length of the kilt is
very precise, stretching only to half way down the knee.  The pleated skirt is usually much longer,
as well as being narrower, with a smaller number of broader pleats.

Other tartan garments are rarely worn today in Scotland,  being primarily sold to the tourist
market.  For example, few Scots would be seen in tartan trousers or a tartan bonnet, preferring to
smile at the sight of our American cousins so attired.


THE SCOTTISH UNDERTAKERS

The list that follows was reported in Appendix B of The Scotch-Irish in America by Henry Jones
Ford, Princeton University Press, 1915, and it consists of two sections: 1) the first list of
applicants, and 2) the final list of applicants. According to Ford, the first list of Scottish applicants
for Ulster land  was completed by September 14, 1609, and he cites as his source Volume VIII of
the official edition of the Register of the Privy Council of Scotland. The applicants were restricted
to English and lowland Scots, the Highlanders being excluded because of the clan system which
was too similar to the Irish systems of government that King James I and VI was trying to
eradicate in Ulster. 

FIRST LIST OF APPLICANTS (September 14, 1609)

ADAMSON, JAMES, brother of Mr. William Adamson of Graycrook [Craigcrook]: 
  surety, Andrew Heriot of Ravelston: 2,000 acres. 
AITCHISON, HARRY, in Edinburgh: 
  surety, Mr. James Cunningham of Mountgrennan: 2,000  acres.
ALEXANDER, ROBERT, son of Christopher Alexander, burgess of Stirling: 
   surety, his said  father: 1,000 acres.
ANDERSON, JAMES, portioner of Little Govan: 
   surety, John Allison in Carsbrig: 1,000 acres;
ANDERSON, JOHN, burgess of Edinburgh: 
   surety, Thomas Anderson, burgess there.
BELLENDEN, JOHN, son of the late Justice-Clerk Sir Lewis Bellenden: 
   surety, Sir George  Livingstone of Ogilface:  2,000 acres.
BELLENDEN, WILLIAM, also son of the late Sir Lewis Bellenden: 
   surety, Mr. John Hart,  younger, in the Canongate: 2,000 acres.
BORTHWICK, DAVID, Chamberlain of Newbattle: 
   surety, George Thorbrand, burgess of  Edinburgh: 2,000 acres.
BROWN, JOHN, in Gorgie Mill: 
   surety, Harry Aikman, in Brumehouse: 2,000 acres.
CARMICHAEL, DAVID, son of James Carmichael of Pottishaw: 
   surety, Mr. John Ross, burgess  of Glasgow:  1,000 acres.
COLQUHOUN, MR. MALCOLM, burgess of Glasgow: 
   surety,   Alexander Colquhoun of Luss:  2,000 acres.
COUTTS, ROBERT, of Corswoods: 
   surety, John Coutts, skinner, burgess of Edinburgh: 1,000  acres.
CRANSTOUN, NATHANIEL, son of Mr. Michael Cranstoun,  minister of Cramond: 
   surety,  Robert Wardlaw in Edinburgh: 1,500 acres.
CRAWFORD, DANIEL, goldsmith in Edinburgh: 
   surety, George Crawford goldsmith there: 1,000  acres.
CRAWFORD, DAVID, son of Andrew Crawford of Bedlair: 
   surety, Robert Montgomery of  Kirktown: 2,000 acres.
CRAWFORD, JAMES, goldsmith, burgess of Edinburgh: 
   surety, Archibald Hamilton of Bairfute:  2,000 acres.
CRAWFORD, ROBERT, of Possil: 
   surety, John Montgomery of Colkilbie: 2,000 acres.
CRICHTON, ABRAHAM, brother of Thomas Crichton of Brunstone: 
   surety, said Chrichton of  Brunstone: 2,000 acres.
CRICHTON, THOMAS, of Brunstone: 
   surety, Mr. James Cunningham of Mountgrennan: 2,000  acres.
CUNNINGHAM, ALEXANDER, of Powton: 
   surety, George Murray of Broughton: 2,000 acres.
CUNNINGHAM, JOHN, of Raws: 
   surety, James Guidlet in Strabrock: 2,000 acres.
DALYRYMPLE, JAMES, brother of Dalyrymple of Stair: 
   surety, George Crawford, younger of  Auchincorse: 2,000   acres.
DOUGLAS, GEORGE, of Shiell, 
   surety, Douglas of Pumpherston: 2,000 acres.
DOUGLAS, JAMES, of Clappertoun: 
   surety, George Douglas of Shiell: 1,000 acres.
DOUGLAS, WILLIAM, son of Joseph Douglas of Pumpherston: 
   surety, his said father: 2,000  acres.
DUNBAR, ALEXANDER, of Egirness: 
   surety, George Murray of Broughton: 2,000 acres.
DUNBAR, JOHN, of Avach, 
   surety, David Lindsay, Keeper of the Tolbooth of Edinburgh: 2,000  acres.
FINLAYSON, MR. JOHN, heir apparent of Killeith: 
   surety,  John Dunbar of Avach: 2,000 acres.
FORRES, JOHN, in Dirleton: 
   surety, Walter Ker of Cocklemill: 2,000 acres.
FORSTER, WILLIAM, in Leith: 
   surety, John Forster in Edinburgh: 1,000 acres.
FOWLER, WILLIAM, merchant-burgess in Edinburgh: 
   surety, James Inglis, skinner, burgess of  Edinburgh: 2,000 acres.
GUIDLET, JAMES, in Strabrock: 
   surety, John Cunningham of Raws: 2,000 acres.
HAMILTON, CLAUD, of Creichness: 
   surety, Archibald Hamilton of Bairfute: 2,000 acres.
HAMILTON, GEORGE, of East Binnie 
   surety, Mr. Edward Marshall, clerk of commissary of  Edinburgh: 2,000 acres.
HAMILTON, ROBERT, of Stanshouse: 2,000 acres.
HAMILTON, ROBERT, son of the late Gilbert Hamilton: 
   surety, Gavin Hamilton of Raploch:  2,000 acres.
HEPBURN, ALEXANDER, of Bangla: 
   surety, Sir Robert Hepburn of Alderstoun: 2,000 acres.
HOME, ROBERT, of Blackhills: 
   surety, Mr. John Home of Swansheill: 2,000 acres.
INGLIS, THOMAS, younger of Auldliston: 
   surety, James, Lord Torphichen: 1,000 acres.
IRVING, ROBERT, at the mill of Cowie: 
   surety, Edward Johnston, younger, merchant in  Edinburgh: 2,000 acres.
JOHNSTONE, JOHN, bailie of Water of Leith: 
   surety, Daniel Coutts in Dalry Mill: 2,000 acres.
KER, WALTER, of Cocklemill: 
   surety, John Forres in Dirleton: 1,500 acres.
LAUDER, ALEXANDER, son of William Lauder of Bellhaven: 
   surety, his said father: 2,000  acres.
LINDSAY, MR. JEROME, in Leith: 
   surety, David Lindsay, keeper of the Tolbooth of Edinburgh:  2,000 acres.
LINDSAY, MR. ROBERT, in Leith: 
   surety, George Smailholm in Leith: 2,000 acres.
LIVINGSTON, SIR GEORGE of Ogilface: 
   surety, John Crawford of Bearcrofts: 2,000 acres.
LOCKHART, STEPHEN, Of WicketShaw: 
   surety, Thomas Weir of Kirktoun: 2,000 acres.

MCCLELLAN, HERBERT, Of Grogrie: 
   surety, George Murray of Broughton: 2,000 acres.
MCCULLOCH, JAME8, Of Drummorell: 
   surety, George Murray of Broughton: 2,000 acres.
MCGILL, M. SAMUEL, burgess of Glasgow: 
   surety, Robert Gray, brother of Patrick, Lord Gray:  2,000 acres.
MAC WALTER, PARLANE, Of Auchinvennell: 
   surety, Alexander Colquhoun of Luss: 2,000  acres.
MARJORIBANKS, THOMAS, son of Thomas Marjoribanks of  Ratho: 
   surety, John  Marjoribanks, apparent of Ratho: 2,000 acres.
MELDRUM, JOHN, brother of the Laird of Seggie: 
   surety, Ramsay of Balmonth: 2,000 acres.
MELVILLE, JAMES, Son of John Melville of Raith: 
   surety, James Melville of Fodinche: 2,000  acres.
MONTGOMERY, ROBERT, Of Kirktown: 
   surety, Robert Crawford of Possill: 2,000 acres.
MOWBRAY, WILLIAM, son of John Mowbray of Groftangry: 
   surety, his said father: 2,000 acres.
MURE, JAMES, Portioner of Both-Kenner: 
   surety, Cuthbert Cunningham, provost of Dumbarton:  2,000 acres.
MURRAY, GEORGE of Broughton: 
   surety, Alexander Dunbar of Egirness: 2,000 acres.
ORROCK, CAPTAIN DAVID: 
   surety Lord Ochiltree: 2,000 acres.
PONT, MR. TIMOTHY, minister: 
   surety, Alexander Borthwick of Nether Laich: 2,000 acres.
PURVES, THOMAS, in Bald: 
   surety, John Purves, cordiner in Edinburgh: 1,000 acres.
RAMSAY, ALEXANDER, brother of Thomas Ramsay of Balmonth: 
   surety, Meldrum of Seggie:  2,000 acres.
ROSS, MR. JOHN, burgess of Glasgow: 
   surety, James Carmichael of Pottishaw: 1,500 acres.
SMAILHOLM, GEORGE, in Leith: 
   surety, Mr. Robert Lindsay in Leith: 2,000 acres.
STEWART, HARRY, Of Barskimming: 
   surety, Lord Ochiltree:  2,000 acres.
STEWART, JAMES, Of Rossyth: 
   surety, William Stewart of  Dunduff: 2,000 acres.
STEWART, ROBERT, Uncle of Lord Ochiltree: 
   surety, said  Lord Ochiltree: 2,000 acres.
STEWART, ROBERT, Of Robertoun: 
   surety, William Stewart  of Dunduff: 2,000 acres.
STEWART, ROBERT, in Edinburgh: 
   surety, William Stewart  of Dunduff: 2,000 acres.
STEWART, WILLIAM, Of Dunduff: 
   surety, Lord Ochiltree:  2,000 acres.
TARBET, JAMES Servitor to the Earl of Dumfermline:  
   surety, Thomas Inglis, younger of  Auldliston: 1,000  acres.
THORBRAND, ALEXANDER,

Blairs' Book Service database search results: Your search for IRELAND found 98 hits in the
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