June 1, 1997 Irish & Scot Newsletter Vol. 3 No.5 An Irish wish from the heart of a friend "May good fortune be yours ... may your joy Never end." Author Unknown COUNTIES OF IRELAND - The following brief histories for the counties of Ireland are taken from "Irish Records Sources for Family & Local History" by James G. Ryan, Ph.D., Copyright Ancestry Incorporated (USA), ISBN # 0-916-489-22-1 ROSCOMMON - A Brief History This Connaught county contains the towns of Boyle, Roscommon, Strokestown, and Castlerea. Under the old Gaelic system the ruling families in this area were the O'Connors and McDermotts in the north, and O'Kellys in the south. Other names associated with the county include McGreevy, O'Beirne, Duignan, O'Gormley, O'Cooney, McAneeny, Hayes, O'Clabby, and McDockery. The Norman invasion had little effect on this county due to the power of the native inhabitants. The boundaries of the county were estabfished in 1565 by Sir Henry Sidney. In1641 the Gaelic families joined the Rebellion of the Catholic Confederacy but were defeated; their lands were confiscated and granted to English and Scottish settlers. In the Cromwellian resettlement of Ireland, the county was one of those set aside for occupation by the "delinquent proprietors," i.e., those landowners who had been dispossessed of their land in other parts of the country. The number of non-native settlers in the county has therefore been very low. As a rough indication of this, the Roman Catholic proportion of the population has been over 96 percent since census records began. In the Middle Ages the county was densely wooded. Most of these woods were gradually cut down and used for charcoal in local iron mining operations during this time, and also in an iron works established in the county in 1788. The county has generally wet and marshy land which is not ideally suited to agriculture. The major agricultural produce of the county was cattle and sheep, and it was famed for the quality of its cattle in the eighteenth century. The county suffered relatively badly during the Great Famine of 1845-47. There were 13,000 deaths in the county in these three years and further thousands emigrated. From a peak of 253,000 in 1841, the population in1851 had dropped by 80,000. Because of the poor agricultural nature of the area and the tradition of emigration which remained in the county the population continued to decrease for the remainder of the century. In1891 the population had fallen to only 114,000 and is currently around 54,000. SLIGO - A Brief History This Connaught county contains the towns of Sligo, Ballyinote, Collooney, Ballysodare, and Enniscrone. Sligo was the ancestral territory of a branch of the O'Connors, called O'Connor Sligo. Other Gaelic families associated with the county include O'Dowd, O'Hara, O'Hart, McDonagh, Mac Firbis, and O'Colman. The site of the town of Sligo has been of strategic importance since ancient times as all traffic on the coastal route between South and North had to ford the river here. A fortress which guarded this ford was plundered by Norse pirates as early as A.D. 807. After the Norman invasion of Connacht in 1235, Sligo was granted to Maurice Fitzgerald who effectively founded Sligo town by building a castle there in 1245 and making it his residence. The Taaffe family was among the Norman families who settled in the county. Further settlers were brought into the county at various periods, including weavers from the north of Ireland brought in by Lord Shelbourne in 1749. As the native Irish and Norman population were predominantly Catholic, the Scottish usually Presbyterian, and the English of the Protestant faith, the proportions of these religions among the population can, in very general terms, be used to estimate the origins of the inhabitants of the county. When religious affiliation was first determined in the census of 1861, the respective proportions of Catholic, Presbyterian, and Protestant in Sligo were 90, 8, and 1 percent. Apart from the weaving industry and some mining operations, Sligo is basically an agricultural county. The town of Sligo was an important port in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, particularly as the River Erne and its lake systems facilitated inland trading and transport. It was also an important port of emigration. The peak of population was reached in 1841 at 181,000. The Great Famine of 1845-47 badly affected the county and the population had dropped by 52,000 in ten years, including some 20,000 deaths. By 1901 the population had fallen to 84,000 and is currently 56,000. COUNTIES OF SCOTLAND - The following brief histories of the counties of Scotland are taken from "A Topographical Dictionary of Scotland" by Samuel Lewis, reprinted by Genealogical Publishing Co. Inc. ISBN # 0- 8063-1256-4 PERTHSHIRE, an inland and a most extensive county, nearly in the centre of Scotland, bounded on the north and north-west by Inverness-shire; on the east by the county of Forfar on the south-east by the counties of Fife and Kinross on the south by the Firth of Forth, and the counties of Stirling and Clackmarman on the west by Argyllshire; and on the south-west by the county of Dumbarton. It lies between 56 degrees 4 minutes and 56 degrees 57 minutes (N. Lat.) and 3 degrees 4 minutes and 4 degrees 50 minutes(W. Long.), and is about 77 miles in length and 68 miles in extreme breadth comprising an area of 5000 square miles, or 3,200,000 acres 30,796 houses, of which 28,993 are inhabited and containing a population of 137,390, of whom 64,978 are males and 72,412 females. This county, the name of which is of doubtful and disputed origin, was anciently inhabited by the Caledonians, and, from its situation on the north side of the wall of Antonine, was among the last of those portions of the kingdom which the Romans attempted to add to their dominions in Britain. The latest struggle for the independence of their country made by the Britons against their Roman invaders, was the battle near the Grampians between Agricola and the Caledonians under their leader Galgacus, who, after having routed the ninth legion of Agricola's army, was at length finally subdued. For centuries the county of Perth was the rnetropolitan county; its chief town was the residence of the Scottish kings till the reign of James III.; and the abbey of Scone, from a very early period to a comparatively recent date, continued to be the place of their coronation. But the history of the county is so identified with the general history of the kingdom, that any further detail would be superfluous. It was anciently divided into the districts of Monteith, Gowrie, Perth, Strathearn, the Stormont, Breadalbane, Rannoch, Balquhidder, and Atholl, all of which were stewartries under the jurisdiction of the great landholder to whom they gave titles, but which, since the abolition of heritable jurisdictions, have ceased to be under an peculiar authority. Prior to the fall of episcopacy the county formed two-large sees, the bishops of which had their seats respectively at Dunkeld and Dunblane; but from that period, it has been almost wholly included in the synod of Perth and Stirling. It comprises several presbyteries, and sixty-nine parishes, besides parts of other parishes. Two sheriffs-substitute are appointed by the sheriff, who reside respectively at Perth and Danblane; and for civil purposes the county is divided into the districts of Perth, Blairgowrie, Weem, Culross, Auchterarder, Crieff, Dunblane, Carse of Gowrie, and Cupar-Angus, in each of which petty-sessions are held by the magistrates, and quarterly small-debt courts by the sheriffs-substitute. Perth (the county-town) and Culross are royal burghs; and the county contains the towns or villages of Alyth, Auchterarder, Blairgowrie, Bridge-of-Earn, Callander, Crieff, Cupar-Angus, Doune, Dunblane, Kincardine, Stanley, and other places; several of which are burghs of barony. The surface is remarkably varied. It comprehends a highland and a lowland district; the former, to the north and north-west, constituting a considerable portion of the Grampian range; and the latter, which is the more extensive, lying to the south and south-east. Perthshire abounds with the richest scenery of every variety; is beautifully diversified with mountains and valleys, wide and fertile plains in the highest state of cultivation, rising grounds, and gentle undulations; and is enlivened with numerous streams and picturesque lakes. The principal mountain is Ben-Lawers, on the north side of Loch Tay, rising by a gradual ascent from the margin of the lake to an elevation of 4015 feet above the level of the sea; it is cultivated around its base to a considerable height, and clothed nearly to its summit with rich verdure, affording pasturage for many flocks of sheep. Benmore, at the head of Glen-Dochart, has an elevation of 3903 feet, and commands a richly-varied prospect of unbounded extent, embracing both the German and Atlantic Oceans. Schihallion, at the foot of Loch Rannoch, rises in a conical form to the height of 3564 feet, presenting a vast mass of sterile rock, relieved only by occasional tufts of heath. This mountain was selected by Dr. Maskelyne, the astronomer royal, for his observations on the influence of attraction upon the vibrations of the pendulum. Ben-Ledi, near Callander, has an elevation of 3009 feet, comprehending on the east a fine view of the whole tract of country through which the Forth takes its course to the German Ocean, and on the south a prospect of the beautiful vale of the Clyde. It appears to have been used in ancient times as a place of devotion, and on the summit are some Druidical remains. Ben-y-gloe, in the forest of Atholl; Benchonzie, at the head of Glenturret; Ben-Voirlich, on the south side of Strathearn; and others in different parts of the county, have elevations varying from 3000 to 4000 feet. The Sidlaw Hills; a fine range nearly parallel with the Grampians, enclosing that portion of the vale of Strathmore which lies between Montrose (in Forfarshire) and Perth, also attain a considerable elevation. Among the eminences of this range are, Dunsirman Hill, the stronghold of the usurper Macbeth, whose castle stood upon its summit, rising to the height of 1040 feet, and commanding richly-diversified prospects; and Birnam Hill, near Dunkeld, 1580 feet in height, and still retaining some portions of the forest from which the army of Malcolm marched to dethrone the usurper. Turleum, in the rear of Drummond Castle, rises to the height of 1400 feet; and among the hills of Drumuachder is a defile of singularly romantic character, leading to the castle of Blair-Atholl. The pass of Killiecrankie, in which the forces of William III. were defeated by Lord Dundee in 1689, is about half a mile in length, between rugged and precipitously steep mountains, and so darkened by the woods growing among the impending rocks that the Garry river, which flows along this dangerous pass, is in many parts of it invisible. In this county the principal rivers are the Tay, the Forth, the Earn, the Almond, the Isla, the Ericht, the Bran, the Garry, the Tilt, the Tummel, the Lyon, and the Teith. The Tay has its source in the district of Breadalbane, in the western extremity of the county, and flowing in an eastern direction, under the name of Fillan, along the vale of Strathfillan, increases in breadth, forming Loch Dochart, and continues its course as the river Dochart through Glen-Dochart for nearly eight miles. Then, again expanding its waters, it forms Loch Tay, from which issuing at the village of Kenmore, it flows under the name of the Tay for the rest of its progress, and after receiving numerous tributary streams, makes a wide firth, and loses itself in the German Ocean. The Forth has its source in some small streams on the north of Ben-Lomond, in this county, and passing through the south-west portion of Perthshire for a few miles, enters Stirlingshire, to which it more properly belongs, and between which and Perth, in many points, it constitutes a boundary. The Earn has its source in the Inch of that name flows through Strathearn in an eastern course for nearly thirty miles; and receiving, a great number of tributary streams, falls into the Tay a few miles below Perth. The Almond rises in a deep glen among the Grampians, in the parish of Kenmore; and after a winding course of eighteen miles, in which it has some picturesque cascades, joins the river Tay about two miles above Perth. The Isla has its source also among the Gram pians, but in the county of Forfar, and after entering this county, and receiving the river Ericht (formed of the Ardle and the Shee), runs into the Tay at Kinclaven. The Bran has its commencement in Loch Freuchie: taking a north-eastern course, and flowing through the grounds of the Duke of Atholl, where it has a beautifully romantic cascade, it falls into the Tay at Inver, near Little Dunkeld. The Garry issues from the Ioch of that name, in the north-western part of the county; It pursues a south-eastern direction, and, being joined by the Tilt near the castle of Blair-Atholl, runs through the pass of Killiecrankie into the Tummel. The Tummel has its source in Loch Rannoch, in the northern part of Perthshire, and taking an eastern course, forms Loch Tummel; it then pursues a southern direction, and falls into the Tay at Logierait. The Lyon issues from Loch Lyon, on the western border of the county, and, watering the narrow vale of Glenlyon, joins the Tay about two miles below Kenmore. Exclusive of the Forth, the only river of any importance in the county that is not tributary to the Tay is the Teith, which has its source in two distinct branches, uniting in the parish of Callander; the northern branch rises in the western extremity of the parish of Balquhidder, and the southern issues from Loch Katrine. This river, after receiving the waters of the Ardoch, flows through the pleasure-grounds of Blair-Drummond and the lands of Ochtertyre, and falls into the Forth at the bridge of Drip. Of the lakes the principal is Loch Tay, a magnificent expanse of water about sixteen miles in length, and varying from one to two miles in breadth. It is situated in the Western Highlands, and is from fifteen to 100 fathoms in depth, containing an abundance of salmon, trout, pike, and other fish. The surrounding scenery, though less remarkable than that of Loch Lomond, is generally striking, and abounds with features of grandeur and of beauty. Loch Ericht, in the north -west of the county, is nearly of equal length with Loch Tay but of inferior width, being scarcely a mile in the broadest part ; it is in the very heart of the Grampians, and inclosed with precipitous and rugged banks. Loch Rannoch, also in the north-west, near Breadalbane, is about ten miles in length and one mile in width; the shores are richly wooded, and the scenery around is singularly impressive. In the same district is Loch Lydoch, situated in the moors; it is as much as seven miles in length and a mile in breadth but of uninteresting and dreary aspect. Loch Earn, a fine sheet of water in the district of Strathearn, is about eight miles long, varying from half a mile to a mile and a half in breadth, and encircled with scenery of strikingly romantic character. Its banks are rocky and precipitous; and the lofty hills by which it is inclosed are intersected with numerous deep glens and ravines, alternated with protruding masses of cliffs, and relieved by tufts of wood growing wildly on the acclivities. Loch Katrine, in the western part of the district of Monteith, between the parishes of Callander and Aberfoyle, is also very beautiful, of serpentine form, and extending for about nine miles, though scarcely one mile in width. Its banks are chiefly the lower acclivities of the surrounding mountains, and are thickly wooded; the scenery combines great beauty and variety, and is celebrated by Sir Walter Scott in his poem of The Lady of the Lake. Near its eastern extremity is a picturesque island; and an outlet connects it with the Iochs of Auchray and Venachoir, and forrns the river Teith. Auchray is a small lake, but of a very lovely character. Loch Venachoir, to the south-east of the two former, is a fine sheet about five miles long and a mile and a half wide; it is inclosed with banks sloping gently to its margin, and enriched with woods and plantations: on its surface is a small islet of romantic appearance. Loch Lubnaig, situated at the north-eastern base of Ben-Ledi, is about six miles in length, and from a half to three-quarters of a mile in breadth; it has its name from its sinuous form, and, owing to the lofty and precipitous height of the mountain, which casts a deep shadow over its surface, possesses a dignified solemnity of character, that powerfully predominates over its more picturesque features. Loch Dochart lies in a barren tract in the western part of the county, and is three miles long: the adjacent scenery possesses little interest. There are two islands in the lake, one of which, formed by the intertexture of the roots and stems of aquatic plants, floats before the wind; it is about fifty-two feet in length, and thirty feet in breadth, and affords pasture to a few sheep. Upon the other isle, which is stationary, are the remains of an ancient castle embosomed in woods, once the seat of the Campbells of Lochawe. In the county are also the lochs Tummel and Garry, the former measuring four miles in length; and many other lakes in various parts, most of which are formed by the expansion of rivers in their course to the Tay. The soil is extremely various. In the Highlands the hills are intersected with numerous glens, watered by streams, and containing some tracts of fertile land producing grain, or affording good pasture. In the wide straths between the Grampian and the Sidlaw hills, the soil is chiefly argillaceous earth, and clay of different colours, of which the blue is the most fertile. Along the shore of the Forth is a level tract extending for eighteen miles, chiefly a stiff clay. In Strathearn and the Carse of Gowrie is a deep clay, alternated with loam, and of extraordinary productiveness; and near the town of Perth, and towards Cupar-Angus, occurs a deep rich mould. On the declivities of most of the bills, a strong tenacious clay is the prevailing character. There are many extensive tracts of moss in the Highlands and towards Monteith, a tract containing more than 10,000 acres, called Flanders moss. The system of agriculture throughout the straths, and in the Carse of Gowrie, is in the highest state of improvement: the farms here vary from thirty to 500 acres only in extent; but those of the Highlands are chiefly large sheep pastures. In the low lands, grain of every description is raised in luxuriant crops, with potatoes, turnips, beans, peas, and other crops; flax is cultivated to a considerable extent, and fruit of all kinds is abundant and of good quality. The lower lands are well inclosed, partly with stone walls, but principally with hedges and ditches: for the hedges, hawthorn is mostly used; but on some farms they are formed of larch-trees, planted on the face of ditches. In general the farm houses and offices are substantial and well arranged; and all the more recent improvements in the construction of agricultural implements have been adopted. The cattle are of the Galloway and Ayrshire breeds, with a few of the Angus and the Fifeshire, and some of the Devonshire, the last chiefly on the lands of the Carse of Gowrie, and of recent introduction. The numerous flocks of goats formerly to be seen have been almost entirely superseded by sheep. About 20,000 sheep are fed in the glens among the Grampian hills, 50,000 on the Sidlaw range, and on the Ochil and Campsie hills more than 170,000 making in the aggregate upwards of 240,000 in the county. The horses are mainly of the Highland breed, of small stature, but hardy and useful; and in the districts of Atholl, Strathardle, Glenisla, and Glenshee, great number of hogs are reared, for the markets of Kinross and Cupar. There are extensive forests in the district of Breadal bane and Monteith, and in many other parts woods of ancient growth. Plantations, also, over wide tracts, have been made by the Atholl family and other proprietors, and have added greatly to the appearance of the country, and the improvement of its climate. They consist chiefly of larch, this description covering above 8000 acres. Of oak there are more than 1000 acres; and a large portion of the surface is planted with ash, elm, beech, birch, and plane; Scotch, spruce, and silver firs; laburnum, and various other ornamental trees. The minerals are chiefly coal, limestone, and ironstone. Coal has been wrought for ages at Culross, but, from the situation of the mines, they are comparatively unavailable for the supply of other districts. The Carse of Gowrie, and the country around Perth, obtain coal from Fife and the collieries of England, and the district of Monteith from the mines of Clackmannanshire while in many parts peat is the general fuel, especially in the Highlands. The limestone is abundant in several places; but, from the scarcity of fuel, very little is burnt for the improvement of the soil, for which in some places moss is used to a considerable extent. In Monteith is a quarry of blue limestone variegated with streaks of white, of a density equal to marble, and susceptible of a fine polish; and marble of excellent quality is quarried on the lands of the Duke of Atholl, near Glen-Tilt. The ironstone is found in the district of Culross, on the Devon, and in various other places; but this also, from the scarcity of fuel for smelting, is not wrought. In the same neighbourhood are fire-clay and slate: blue slate is found on Birnarn hill, and along the sides of the Ochils and grey slate, of a harder texture, is diffused throughout the county. Near Drummond Castle, and at Callander, are rocks of breccia, parallel with which are beds of sandstone; and on the banks of the Tay is an extensive quarry of fine grey freestone, of very durable texture, called Kingoodie stone. The Grampian hills consist chiefly of granite. The only mineral waters in the county are at Pitcaithly, near Bridge-of-Earn; they are in considerable repute for their efficacy in the cure of scrofula and stomachic complaints. The seats are Blair-Atholl Castle, Taymouth, Methven Castle, Dupplin Castle, Drummond Castle, Ochtertyre House, Dunira, Blair-Drummond, Castle-Huntly, Castle-Lenrick, Belmont Castle, Arthurstone, the palace of Scone, St. Martin's, Castle-Menzies, Megginch Castle, Lynedoch House, Rednoch House, Cambusmore, Kippenross, Invermay, Murthly Castle, Delvine House, Craighall, and others. In this county the principal manufactures are those of linen and cotton, both carried on to a considerable extent. The former, in which large numbers are employed in several parts, is also carried on in smaller towns and villages of the Carse of Gowrie; and cotton-works and printfields are established at Luncarty, Stormontfield, Stanley, Cromwell-Park, and various other places. There are paper-mills at Crieff, Auchterarder, and Bridge-of-Almond; numerous mills for the spinning of flax at Blairgowrie; also tanneries, breweries, distilleries, and other works. Facility of communication through the interior is afforded by excellent roads, and, for the export and import of goods, by the rivers Tay and Forth. On the former of these rivers is the town of Perth, the chief port in the county. The port of Culross, on the Forth, formerly carried on a considerable trade in the export of salt and coal, but has fallen into decay: that of Kincardine, in the neighbouring parish of Tulliallan, is in a flourishing condition, and does a large amount of business in the export of coal, for which it employs about seventy vessels, averaging from eighty to ninety tons; and also in ship-building, chiefly for the coasting-trade. For a notice of the railways in the county,see the articIe on the city of Perth. The annual value of Perthshire, according to a return of real property assessed to the income tax, is 613,168 pounds sterling, of which amount 551,078 pounds sterling are stated to be for lands, 54,611 pounds sterling for houses, 6520 pounds sterling for fisheries, 677 pounds sterling for quarries, 272 pounds sterling for mines, and the remainder for other species of real property not comprised in the fore going items. Among the antiquities are the remains of several Roman camps, of which the most important is that of Ardoch; and the Roman road towards Perth may still be traced in the vale of Strathearn. There are numerous remains of ancient castles, religious establishments, and Druidical altars and various other relics of antiquity. RENFREWSHIRE, a county, in the west of Scotland, bounded on the north and north-east by the Firth of Clyde and the river Clyde, which separate it from Dumbartonshire; on the east by the county of Lanark on the south by Ayrshire and on the west also by the firth, which divides it from the county of Argyll. A part, however, of Renfrew parish, and therefore of the county, lies on the north side of the river Clyde. The county is situate between 55 degrees 40 minutes 40seconds and 55 degrees 58 minutes 10 seconds (N. Lat.) and 4 degrees 15 minutes and 4 degrees 52 minutes 30 seconds (W. Lon.), and is about 31 miles in length, and 13 miles in extreme breadth; comprising an area of 241 square miles, or 154,240 acres; 25,786 houses, of which 24,664 are inhabited; and containing a population of 155,072 of whom 72,859 are males, and 82,213 females. This portion of the country was originally inhabited by the Damnii, a British tribe that occupied the extensive territories which formed the kingdom of Strad-y- Cluyd; and on the Roman invasion, it became a part of the province of Valentia. After the departure of the Romans, the Damnii retained possession of their ancient territories against frequent incursions of the Picts, till the union of the Scottish and Pictish kingdoms under Kenneth II; after which, their descendants in process of time became identified with the Scots. In the reign of David I., Walter, son of Alan, retiring from North Wales, settled in this district; and, having rendered great assistance to that monarch in quelling an insurrection of the islanders, was appointed steward of Scotland, and received a grant of the lands of Paisley and other estates. This grant was confirmed to him by Malcolm IV., who made the stewardship of Scotland hereditary in his family; be adopted the name of Stewart, or Stuart, and was ancestor of the Stuarts, kings of Scotland. At that time this part of the country was in a very uncivilised state; but Walter settled many of his military attendants on his lands, and, by founding the abbey of Paisley, contributed much to the refinement and prosperity of the district. A considerable number of the inhabitants fought under David I at the battle of the Standard in 1138. In1164 Somerled, with a detachment of forces belonging to the Sea Kings, sailed from the north, and, entering the Clyde, landed at Renfrew; but the invaders were bravely repulsed, and Somerled and his son were slain in the conflict. The district of Renfrew anciently formed part of the county of Lanark; but in1404, Robert III erected the lands of Renfrew, with the other estates of the Stuart family, into a principality, which became hereditary in the eldest sons of the Scottish kings; and the barony of Renfrew was separated from the shire of Lanark, and constituted an independent county. Prior to the abolition of episcopacy, the county was included in the archdiocese of Glasgow; it is at present in the synod of Glasgow and Ayr, is subdivided into presbyteries, and contains twenty parishes, with parts of others. For civil purposes it is divided into the upper and lower ward; the sheriff court for the former is held at Paisley, and for the latter at Greenock. The quarter-sessions are held at Renfrew, which is the shire town, and the only royal burgh; the county contains the market-towns also of Paisley, Greenock, and Port-Glasgow, the populous villages of Johnstone, Barrhead, Gourock, Eagle-Sham, Kilbareban, Lochwinnoch, and Pollockshaws, and numerous smaller villages and hamlets. Under the act of the 2nd of William IV. the county returns one memberer to the imperial parliament; Paisley and Greenock return one member each, and Renfrew and Port-Glasgow form part of a district of parliamentary burghs, The surface is varied. In the west and south-west are hills of considerable elevation, of which Misty Law, the highest, is about 1240 feet above the level of the sea. The north-eastern and central portions of the county, though generally even, are diversified with numerous detached hills of moderate elevation, rising from the plains; and in the south-east are others, some of which, are from 500 to 600 feet in height. There are severeral beautiful valleys watered by the principal rivers; Strathgryfe is the most extensive. Passing through the parishes of Kilbarchan and Lochwinnoch (and by Kilbirnie and Dalry in Ayrshire) is a continuous tract of level and fertile country; and among the hills are frequent vales of small extent, watered by the tributary streams. Exclusively of the Clyde, the chief rivers are the Gryfe, the Cart or White Cart, and the Black Cart. The Gryfe which anciently gave its name to the county, rises in the hills near Largs, in the north of Ayrshire, and, flowing in an eastern direction, joins the Black Cart at Walkingshaw. The Cart has its source partly in East Kilbride, in Lanarkshire, and partly in the confluence of several streams in the parish of Eaglesham: taking a north-western course, it passes the town of Paisley, and runs into the Black Cart at Inchinnan bridge. The Black Cart has its source in Castle-Semple loch, in the parish of Lochwinnoch; it flows in a north-eastern direction into the river Clyde. The lakes are, Castle-Semple, near the southern boundary of,the county, a picturesque sheet of water 200 acres in extent, and con taining several islands; Queenside Loch, in the parish of Lochwinnoch; and several smaller lakes, of no particular interest. The shores of the Firth of Clyde are indented with numerous fine bays, the principal of which are the harbour of Greenock, Gourock bay, and Innerkip and Wemyss bays. The soil is of different descriptions; in the hilly districts, chiefly a fine light free soil, resting on a gravelly bottom; in the level districts, a deep rich brown loam. In the south-west are some considerable tracts of moss. The system of agriculture is improved. From the numerous manufacturing towns and villages in the county, a large portion of the best land is in grass, and dairies occupy the farmers principal attention, for the supply of the inhabitants. The meadows and pastures are rich, and the lands which are in tillage produce abundant crops of excellent grain of all kinds, with potatoes, turnips, and green vegetables; considerable tracts of land are also cultivated as gardens. In this county the chief substrata are coal, limestone, freestone, and whinstone; and ironstone is found in abundance in the middle districts, and on the shore of the Clyde. The coal is extensively wrought at Quarrelton, Polmadie, Hurlet, and Househill, where are numerous mines in active operation: the seam at Quarrelton is fifty feet in thickness, and consists of five different strata; the Hurlet coal is from five to six feet in thickness, and has been wrought about 200 years. There are also quarries of limestone, freestone, and whinstone. Among the gentlemen's seats are Elderslie, Blythswood, Scotstown, Walkingshaw, Jordanhill, Johnstone Castle, Househill, Ralston, Erskine, Crofthead, Blackstoun, Glentyan, Clippens, Millekin, Craigends, Ardgowan, Pollock, Kelly, Langhouse, Gourock Castle, Gourock House, Ashburn, and Levern House. Various important manufactures are largely carried on at Paisley, Greenock, and numerous other places in the county. There is considerable traffic at the several ports of the Clyde; the commerce of Greenock and Port-Glasgow is very extensive. The annual value of real property in Renfrewshire is 474,568 pounds sterling, of which 152,924 pounds sterling are returned for lands,: 265,775 pounds sterling for houses,: 18,792 pounds sterling for railways, 7024 pounds sterling for mines, 2153 pounds sterling for quarries, 1543 pounds sterling for canal navigation, and the remainder for other kinds of real property. Facility of communication is afforded by excellent roads, which intersect the county in all directions; and by several canals and railways of comparatively recent formation. The Glasgow, Paisley, and Johnstone canal is about eleven miles in length, and is navigated by boats drawn by horses: the Forth and Cart Junction canal, a branch from the Forth and Clyde canal, is about a mile and a half in length; and a small canal has been formed to avoid the shallows at Inchinnan bridge. The Glasgow, Paisley, and Greenock railway is twenty-two miles and a half in length, from the bridge at Glasgow to the harbour of Greenock; the line proceeds close to Port-Glasgow, and was opened throughout in 1841. The Glasgow, Paisley, and Ayr railway is forty miles in length, from the bridge at Glasgow to the town of Ayr, and was opened in 1840. These two raiLways have the portion between Glasgow and Paisley in common. The Paisley and Renfrew railway is about three miles in length, extending to Renfrew Ferry, on the river Clyde, and was opened in 1837. There are also the Pollock and Govan railway, and the Glasgow and Barrbead railway. The principal remains of antiquity are, the ruins of the abbey of Paisley, founded by Walter Stuart, and of some other religious houses; and numerous ruins of castles, among which are those of Cruickstone Castle, for some time the residence of Mary, Queen of Scots. In opening a quarry about fifty years since, on the north bank of the river Cart, were discovered, at a considerable depth from the surface, the remains of an ancient village, consisting of forty houses of one room each, from eight to twelve feet square, roofless, and having in the centre of the floor a hollow apparently scooped out for a fireplace, in which were coal ashes. The walls were of rough stone, from four to five feet high, and the floors paved with thin flags. SURNAMES OF THE MONTH - This month the Irish surnames taken from EDWARD MacLYSAGHT's book "IRISH FAMILIES Their Names, Arms & Origins", SciPrint Limited, Copyright Irish Academic Press Limited, ISBN # 0-7165-2364-7 are: BUTLER Butler is a name to be found in every walk of life in Ireland. The name is true of England. In the absence of a reliable pedigree, or at least a well established tradition, the origin of individual Butlers in Ireland to-day cannot be suggested with confidence. The history of the Ormond Butlers, however, is very well authenticated - indeed for more than seven centuries their history is the history of Anglo-Irish relations - from 1171 when Theobald Fitzwalter accompanied Henry II to Ireland, till our own time when the ancestral castle of Kilkenny was abandoned as the seat of the family and the voluminous Ormond manuscript collection was taken over by the National Library of Ireland, where it forms an invaluable source for Irish as well as for Butler family history. The surname Butler, as far as Ireland is concerned, dates from about the year 1220: it arose from the fact that in 1177 the Theobald Fitzwalter, mentioned above, was created Chief Butler of Ireland. The seventh in descent from him was created Earl of Ormond in 1328. In 1391 the head-quarters of the Ormonds was removed from Gowran to Kilkenny Castle. For centuries a rivalry existed between the Butlers and the Geraldines (see Fitzgerald, below), and it may be said that up to the death of the Great Duke of Ormond in 1688, the effective government of the country (or, at least, as much of it as for the time being acknowledged allegiance to the King of England) was in the hands of one or the other of these great Norman houses. The Butlers have generally been regarded as more consistently loyal to the sovereign than their rivals, but as Standish O'Grady in his edition of Pacata Hibernia points out, being weaker than the Geraldines they were forced to lean on the State, and on the only occasion in which they were wronged they were just as ready to rebel as any other sept. In this connexion it may be mentioned that a branch of the Butlers for a while in the fifteenth century took MacRichard as their surname and had an important chief somewhat in the Gaelic fashion: eventually, however, they reverted to the name Butler. Among the numerous Catholic Butlers who were loyal Jacobites perhaps the most noteworthy were the AW James Butler of Nantes, who was chaplain to Prince Charles Edward (the "Young Pretender") in the 1745 expedition; and Pierce Butler (1652-1740), third Viscount Galmoy, who fought with Sarsfield in all his Irish and French campaigns. A branch of the Butler family has long been established in Co. Clare: a very full account of them is to be found in The Butlers of Co. Clare by Sir Henry Butler Blackall. Professor Edmund Curtis in his History of Medieval Ireland, shows that the MacRichard Butlers were actually the ancestors of the later Earls of Ormond, and that at least two branches of the Butlers were patrons of Gaelic-Irish learning and great collectors of Irish manuscripts. To the list of distinguished persons of the name that of Sir Theobald, commonly called Sir Toby Butler, should be added. He was attorney-general in the reign of James II and the framer of the Treaty of Limerick on the Irish side; he made a memorable speech in 1703 against the Anti-Popery Act. MacCABE The MacCabes came from the western isles of Scotland about the year 1350 as gallowglasses to the O'Reillys and the O'Rourkes, the principal septs of Breffny. They became themselves a recognized Breffny sept, their chief being "Constable of the two Breffitys". Modern statistics show that they are still much more numerous in the Breffny area than anywhere else. As landed proprietors they were as much associated with Co. Monaghan as with Co. Cavan; however the principal farnilies of MacCabe lost their estates in the Catholic debacle after the battle of Aughrim in 1691. William Putnam McCabe (1776-1821) was one of the most romantic figures among the United Irishmen. Earlier in the eighteenth century Cathaoir MacCabe (d. 1740), himself a Cavan bard, is best remembered as the life long friend of Turlogh O'Carolan (1670-1738), whose death is commemorated in a fine elegy in Irish (Carolan had previously written an elegy on MacCabe having been hoaxed by him into believing he was dead). In more recent times Edward Cardinal MacCabe (1816-1885) and Bernard MacCabe (1801-1891), the author, may be mentioned. Outside Ireland the best known man of the name was Charles Caldwell MacCabe (1836-1906), grandson of a Co. Tryone man, and American Protestant bishop, known as "Chaplain MacCabe" of the Civil War. This month the Scottish surnames taken from Roddy Martine's "SCOTTISH CLAN AND FAMILY NAMES Their Arms, Origins and Tartans", Mainstream Publishing, Edinburgh and London, 1992, ISBN # 1-85158-418-8 are: FERGUSSON The first settlement of this clan would appear to have been at Kintyre. Kilkerran, the seat of the Fergusson chiefs in Ayrshire, is the modem Gaelic form of the name Campbeltown, and is named after St Ciaran, one of the twelve apostles of Ireland, who landed at Dalruadhain in the sixth century. The Fergussons of Kilkerran descend from Fergus, son of Fergus, in the time of Robert Bruce. Fergus, King of Galloway, in the reign of David I, married a daughter of Henry I of England. The Fergussons of Craigdarroch in Dumfiriesshire have a recorded history that dates back to a charter from David II in the fourteenth century. Other Fergussons lived in Atholl and their Chief was Fergusson of Dunfallandy, and this family can be traced back to the fifteenth century. The poet Robert Fergusson' who was much admired by his young contemporary Robert Burns, presented a copy of his verses to Kilkerran, his Chief. One of the most distinguished soldiers of this century was Sir Bernard Fergusson, 1st Lord Ballantrae, Governor-General of New Zealand, 1962-7. FLEMING Originally indicating someone from Flanders, the name first appears in Scotland in the twelfth century. A family of that name acquired territories in Lanarkshire and resided at Boghall, near Biggar. Baldwin the Fleming was Sheriff of Lanark, and Jordan Fleming was taken prisoner by the English with William the Lion in 1174. Sir Sandford Fleming from Kirkcaldy (1827-1915) was chief engineer of the Canadian Pacific Railway and author of Standard Time. Sir Alexander Fleming (1881-1955), the discoverer of penicillin, was born at Darvel, near Kilmarnock. USEFUL WEB PAGES Below are some Web pages you may want to visit to help with your research. They contain a lot of useful information as well as links to other Web pages you can visit. If you like what you see here and want to go back, make sure you add them to your Favorite Places before you leave. Subject: Re: Need info on County-based G centres in Ireland I am looking for information about County based Genealogical Centres in Ireland. Specifically, I would like to know what kinds of encounters members of this group have had with them! I read (I think in this newsgroup) of a couple of unpleasant experiences and I would like to spare myself such an experience! For an interview on this subject, and a request for feedback, see: http://world.std.com/~ahern/igp.htm My ancestor is from County Tyrone (Fermagh?) and emigrated in 1840/41. Incidentally: The information I have on Patrick is that he arrived in Sydney (Australia) on the ship "Margaret". Which archive/record repository would have records relating to this ship and its passengers? See: http://www.mayo-ireland.ie/Geneal/FnghTyrn.htm Tyrone Family Heritage Centre computerizing parish records Provides search service for a fee http://pw2.netcom.com/~vanessa1/tyrone.html County Tyrone Surname List http://pw2.netcom.com/~vanessa1/towns.html County Tyrone Towns and Parishes http://www.bess.tcd.ie/roots/prototyp/tyrone.html Tyrone sources for genealogy http://www.users.on.net/proformat/auspass.html Australian and New Zealand Passenger Lists These, and other useful links, can be reached from the TIARA web site. _______________________________________________________________________ Dennis Ahern | The Irish Ancestral Research Association Acton, Massachusetts | Dept. W, P.O. Box 619, Sudbury, MA 01776 ahern@world.std.com | http://world.std.com/~ahern/TIARA.html FROM THE WEB Subject: Re: county Wicklow Please note that the Wicklow Family Heritage Centre DOES NOT OPERATE, or at least DOES NOT RESPOND. I lodged an enquiry before Christmas, and have since e-mailed them 3 : times, and have had no response WHATEVER. See http://world.std.com/~ahern/igp.htm for a place to send your comments about the service, or lack thereof, provided by the Irish Heritage Centres. #2 Subject: Re: CAVAN- Catholic Parishes Pat Traynor (tray@JPS.NET) wrote: A new Cavan Local website goes online next few weeks. It will be a joint launch with a new Local Longford going up as well. This the first two county website in Ireland. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ You mean the website for Counties Leitrim and Roscommon Genealogy at http://www.thecore.com/let_ros/ doesn't count? :-) Dennis [the Menace] #3 Subject: Re: IS THERE A GENEALOGICAL CENTER IN COUNTY KERRY? SuperBENGT (superbengt@aol.com) wrote: In March, 1990, I met a Fr. Kiernan O'Shea who was overseeing the centralization of the 55 parish records in County Kerry. These records were being compiled at the library in Tralee. See: http://www.mayo-ireland.ie/Geneal/Kerry.htm Kerry Family Heritage Centre computerizing parish records. Provides search service for a fee http://www.bess.tcd.ie/roots/prototyp/kerry.html Kerry sources for genealogy http://www.teltec.ie/~library/map/kerry.html Public Libraries in Co. Kerry #4 Subject: New Scot Genealogy Books Note: Moobasi is in the process of moving and changing names to APPLETON'S FINE USED BOOKSELLER AND GENEALOGY. Stay tuned for an official announcement! ------------- Moobasi, Inc., a genealogy bookstore specializing in genealogical computing products, is proud to announce the following new or upgraded items: Your Scottish Ancestry: A Guide For North Americans - Sherry Irvine #B6519 - 267 pages, softcover, 1997 $ 17.95 This new book by prominent author Sherry Irvine is a must have title for Scottish family historians based in North America. Your Scottish Ancestry explores the best way for a researcher anywhere in North America to approach Scottish family history research. This book will help you gain an understanding of how much you know now and what you want to know, what resources you are working with (what records are available and how they may be useful), and where you will find the information (in what form it can be collected). The Origin and Signification of Scottish Surnames with a Vocabulary of Christian Names - Clifford Stanley Sims #B6520 - 122 pages, softcover, 1995 $ 17.50 This classic arrangement of the most common Scottish surnames mentions the name of the family founder, when available, and coat-of-arms, when held, for each surname. Sims' surname derivations are based on localities, baptismal names, trades, offices, professions, and so on. The Scotch-Irish in America - Henry Jones Ford #B6523 - 607 pages, softcover, 1995 $ 42.50 The starting point for any study of the Scotch-Irish influence in American history and culture, this work commences with a discussion of the Scottish migration to Ulster in the seventeenth century, followed by an examination of the causes of the Scotch-Irish emigration to North America by the end of the century. Ford devotes entire chapters to the Scotch-Irish settlements in New England, New York, the Jerseys, Pennsylvania, and along the colonial frontier, as well as to the history of Scotch-Irish institutions in the US. Directory of Scots Banished to the American Plantations 1650-1775 - David Dobson #B6525 - 239 pages, softcover, 1996 $ 24.00 Between 1650 and 1775 many thousands of Scots were banished to the American colonies for political, religious, or criminal offenses. For each banished Scot cited some or all of the following information is provided: name, occupation, place of residence in Scotland, place of capture and captivity, parent's name, date and cause of banishment, name of the ship carrying him to the colonies, and date and place of arrival in the colonies. Emigrants from Scotland to America, 1774-1775 - Viola R. Cameron #B6526 - 117 pages, hardcover, 1990 $ 15.00 Transcribed from old Treasury Papers in the Public Record Office in London, this work lists some 2,000 persons by age, station, occupation, residence in Scotland, destination in America, and reasons for emigrating. Various states along the eastern seaboard are noted as places of disembarkation. The Gazetteer of Scotland - Rev. John Wilson #B6527 - 473 pages, softcover, 1996 $ 28.00 The Census of 1881 was extracted from the Official Returns expressly for this Gazetteer. Besides the usual information, as to towns and places contained in gazetteers, it gives the statistics of real property, notices of public works, public buildings, churches, schools, etc.; while the natural history and historical incidents connected with particular localities have not been omitted. DISCONTINUED - NO LONGER AVAILABLE Understanding Colonial Handwriting - Harriet Stryker-Rodda #B025 - Out-of-print PRICE INCREASE American Surnames - Elsdon C. Smith #B082 - 367 pages, softcover, 1995 NEW PRICE $17.95 ******************** Moobasi's new Summer 1997 Catalog is due out in late May, and will be sent *free* upon request. Before then, check out our improved on-line catalog (including on-line ordering) at http://www.moobasi.com Upon request, Moobasi sends genealogy product line updates by e-mail. If you would be interested in receiving updates via the Internet, please send us a message with the subject SUBSCRIBE to catalog.request@moobasi.com. Please add $5.00 shipping and handling per order ($15 outside the US or $18 for express US orders). Moobasi offers free shipping on all US orders over $150. NC residents must also add 6% sales tax. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Moobasi, Inc. 800-777-3601 or 704-522-1062 P.O. Box 241983 http://www.moobasi.com Charlotte, NC 28224-1983 catalog.request@moobasi.com Free Genealogy E-mail List - Send Subscribe to our E-mail Address *** FREE GENEALOGY CATALOG AVAILABLE ON REQUEST *** #5 Subj: Church of Scotland's home page. http://www.churchnet.org.uk/churchnet/scotland/ #6 Subj: New Web page Hi, Phil Manus has been kind enough to volunteer time and space for a Scotch-Irish web page. It's at: http://members.aol.com/Manus/ulsterref.html Pretty incredible, Phil!! Subject: Co. WICKLOW PETITION 1837 A memorial containing 1500 names of people from south west County Wicklow, Ireland, prepared in 1837, which sought a change in the location of the Quarter Sessions form Baltinglass to Tinahely has been extracted from official papers in the National Archives in Dublin. This useful source is published by the Dun Laoghaire Genealogical Society at 14 Rochestown Park, Dun Laoghaire, County Dublin, Ireland. Priced at 7 Irish punts or equivalent. Contact M. Merrigan at above address. George H. O'Reilly, Dublin, Ireland (EI0CY) ghor@iol.ie Subj: Old Irish Naming Patterns Hello, everyone. Here is information on old Irish naming patterns, as given in a lecture on May 15 in Rochester, NY by Ida Troye, Editor of The Septs, published by the Irish Genealogical Society, International (IGSI). Old Irish Naming Patterns 1st son was named after the father's father. 2nd son was named after the mother's father. 3rd son was named after the father. 4th son was named after the father's eldest brother. 1st daughter was named after the mother's mother. 2nd daughter was named after the father's mother. 3rd daughter was named after the mother. 4th daughter was named after the mother's eldest sister. These patterns were not locked in, so to speak. Best wishes, Subject: Baroney maps You can find a large Baroney map on my web page as well as some of Cavan parish maps which show townlands. Visit my notes on Ft. Augustus, PEI genealogy at; or my Irish connections at; http://www.capecod.net/~abeagan/pale3.htm Researching in PEI lot 22 marriages of Beagan/ McKenna; lot 26/27 Beagan/Conelly , / McPhillips; lot 31/65 Beagan / Dougherty, / Doyle, /Halfpenny, / McDonald=, / Wynn, /McCarron, / Trainor and in lot 35 Beagan/ Trainor, / McAvinnia, / McCarth=y, / McDonald, /McKenna, / Mullen / McGuire and Carr. . Also Beagan / McInnis St. Paul=92=s parish.PEI. All Irish Roman Catholic. Also in Mirimichi,NB, Beagan and Pictou NS, Beagan. Also in NFND, Beagan/=,Knight /Battstone / Vincent / Roswell / Strong (Church of England) Also in Sweden Soeder / Karlsdotter (Lutheran) Subject: Irish Townland maps The Irish townland maps can be ordered from your local LDS FHC. They show the townlands in each civil parish. The maps are the next level down from the maps in the book by Brian Mitchell "A NEW GENERAL ATLAS OF IRELAND" TITLE Irish townland maps. MAP Scales vary. PUBLICATION INFORMATION Londonderry : Inner City Trust, 1989. FORMAT 78 microfiches : maps. NOTES Microreproduction of original maps compiled by the trainees of Derry Youth and Community Workshop and employees of the Inner City Trust. Funded by the Department of Economic Development. [Supervisor:] Brian Mitchell. Project Director: Patrick L. Doherty. CONTENTS It is the intention of this series to show, on a county basis, all townlands within their respective civil parishes. To 1898, the civil parish was the major administrative division. The two great surveys of the 19th century - the tithe assessment and the Griffiths valuation - were compiled on this basis with householders listed by their townland address. Use the index at the beginning of each county to identify the parish you need. Beside each map is a list of each parish's constituent townlands. BRITISH FICHE AREA Antrim County (2 fiches) ------------------------------6342438 Armagh County (1 fiche) -------------------------------6342439 Cavan County (2 fiches) -------------------------------6342440 Clare County (3 fiches) -------------------------------6342452 Cork County, East (4 fiches) --------------------------6343060 Cork County, Middle (4 fiches) ------------------------6343061 Cork County, West (2 fiches) --------------------------6343062 Donegal County (2 fiches) -----------------------------6342441 Down County (2 fiches) ------------------------------- 6342442 Fermanagh County (1 fiche) --------------------------- 6342443 Galway County (5 fiches) ----------------------------- 6342447 Kerry County (4 fiches) ------------------------------ 6343063 Kildare County (4 fiches) ---------------------------- 6343064 Leitrim County (1 fiche) ----------------------------- 6342448 Limerick County (5 fiches) --------------------------- 6343065 Louth County (3 fiches) ------------------------------ 6343066 Londonderry County (2 fiches) ------------------------ 6342444 Mayo County (3 fiches) --------------------------------6342449 Meath County (6 fiches) -------------------------------6343067 Monaghan County (1 fiche) -----------------------------6342445 Roscommon County (3 fiches) ---------------------------6342450 Sligo County (2 fiches) -------------------------------6342451 Tipperary County, North (3 fiches) --------------------6343068 Tipperary County, South (5 fiches) ------------------- 6343069 Tyrone County (2 fiches) ------------------------------6342446 Waterford County (3 fiches) ---------------------------6342453 Wicklow County (3 fiches) -----------------------------6343070 FROM OUR MEMBERS Subj: Hugh Martin Genealogy Record I am updating my Martin line to the Hugh Martin family in Carnmoney, Artrim, Ireland: Descendants of Hugh Martin Generation No. 1 1. HUGH1 MARTIN was born in Prob. Carnmoney, Aritrim, Ireland, and died 1766 in Augusta Co., VA. Notes Records show, that Hugh Martin bought first parcel of land in Augusta Co, Virginia in1751 (Reference family unit chart courtesy of Audrey Jeanne Kinezian (professional genealogist and Cousin of Richard Dwayne Martin). Children of Hugh Martin are: i. SARAH2 MARTIN, b. August 23, 1716, Carnmoney, Aritrim, Ireland. ii. SARAH MARTIN, b. May 25, 1733, Carnmoney, Antrim, Ireland. 2. iii. WILLIAM MARTIN, b. May 25, 1733, Carnmoney, Antrim, Ireland; d. 1795, Woodford, KY. iv. GRIZEL MARTIN, b. August 21, 1734, Carnmoney, Antrim, Ireland; m. CHARLES STUART, 1758, August, VA. v. HANNAH MARTIN, b. March 10, 1734/35, Carnmoney, Antrim, Ireland. vi. SAMUEL MARTIN, b. March 26, 1738, Carnmoney, Antrim, Ireland. vii. MARY MARTIN, b. February 08, 1740/41, Carnmoney, Antrim, Ireland. II would be happy to send you the complete genealogy record of the descendents of Hugh Martin for your records (13 pages). In return, I hope you will pass along the information to those people, who may be interested in information about the Martin family line in Ireland. I hope to acquire more information about the Martin line in Ireland. I hope you can help me with the research. I have just completed a two week effort downloading, reading and printing your efforts over the past 2 years. Am dumbfounded with the amount of information you have at your fingers and under control during periods of what can only be called regulated CHAOS. GREAT WORK! --and that's shouting. As I review each session, I run a find search on DUNN hoping there are a few computer literate Dunn/Dunne 's around. Have noted a few and intend to drop them a note offering my family gedcom to whoever would like it (in exchange for any Dunn/Dunne info they might have). I have competed a trace over the past 5-6 years of EVERY Dunn in my branch of the DUNNE family from all grandchildren of all my cousins back thru Stone City, Iowa (Anamosa) to my g-grandfather Henry Dunne who died in Dublin at which time all 5 children headed for Iowa. There is a gal there-Diana Hansen who runs 5-6 County web pages under the satewide system --her e-mail is kccdiana@ mcld .com if anyone is looking for folks in N E Iowa. She has also written a couple books! My immediate problem is a near dead end in Dublin. I have marriage record located for Henry , but can find nothing about siblings, parents or grandparents. I obviously have all of his children, but that doesn't help me go backwards. So am really fishing at this time.